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The Brazilian presidential election was held in 2010 with two rounds of balloting. The first round was held on October 3 along with other elections as part of the 2010 general election. As no presidential candidate polled 50 percent of the vote on October 3, a runoff was held on October 31 between Dilma Rousseff and José Serra: Rousseff won with 56% of the second round vote.〔.〕 The election determined the successor to President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, of the Workers' Party.〔Colitt, Raymond. ("Key dates in Brazil's 2010 presidential race" ). Reuters. January 11, 2010.〕 According to the Constitution, the president is elected directly for a four-year term, with a limit of two consecutive terms. Lula was thus not eligible to stand again as he has already served two terms after winning the elections in 2002 and being re-elected in 2006.〔Barrionuevo, Alexei. ("The Health of a Likely Presidential Candidate Comes Under Brazil's Microscope" ). ''The New York Times'', May 23, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2009.〕 This was the first time since the inaugural presidential election after the military dictatorship that he did not run for president.〔Colitt, Raymond. ("Positions of Brazil's leading candidates" ). Reuters. January 11, 2010.〕 ==Election overview== The candidates of the two major political groups of the country were Lula's former Chief of Staff, Dilma Rousseff, of the ruling centre-left democratic socialist/social democratic Workers' Party (PT), and São Paulo State former governor, José Serra, from the centre-right opposition coalition formed mainly by the〔Colitt, Raymond. ("Key names in Brazil's 2010 presidential race" ). Reuters. December 17, 2010.〕 Social Democratic Party (PSDB), and the right-wing Democrats (DEM). Both candidates offered little threat to the economic stability of the country, but differed significantly on issues such as fiscal discipline, foreign policy and state intervention.〔 They were both likely to maintain a primary budget surplus to make public debt payments and reduce the ratio of debt to GDP. Some analysts believe Serra would have contained expenditure more effectively.〔 Rousseff, in the other hand, favors a bigger role for state enterprises in the economy, which could reduce participation by private firms in sectors such as banking, oil and gas.〔 Serra, who authorized the sale of Nossa Caixa bank in 2008, is seen as more open to privatization, as well as cuts in the public sector payroll.〔 While past elections brought economic instability, in 2010 neither candidate was expected to stray far from current economic policies.〔Prada, Paulo. ("For Brazil, It's Finally Tomorrow" ). ''Wall Street Journal''. March 29, 2010.〕 Rousseff was expected to continue Lula's foreign policy, boosting ties with developing nations, pushing for reform of multilateral bodies and lobbying for a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council.〔 Serra would likely have cooled ties with Lula's left-wing allies in Latin America, which could affect energy investments in both Bolivia and Venezuela.〔 He could also take a harder line in trade disputes with Argentina and Mercosur.〔 According to Mark Weisbrot, in an op-ed published by ''The Guardian Unlimited'' on January 29, 2010, if the centre-right candidate wins the race, it "would really be a huge win for the () State Department." He argues that "while U.S. officials under both Bush and Obama have maintained a friendly posture toward Brazil, it is obvious that they deeply resent the changes in Brazilian foreign policy () and its independent stances with regard to the Middle East, Iran and elsewhere."〔Weisbrot, Mark. ("Why Washington Cares About Countries Like Haiti And Honduras" ). ''The Huffington Post''. February 1, 2010. (Originally published by ''The Guardian Unlimited'' on January 29, 2010).〕 Another main candidate was Marina Silva, Lula's former Minister of Environment. She is the candidate for the Green Party (PV), which she joined on late 2009 after leaving the PT, which she helped establishing in the 1980s.〔 Agência Estado. ("PV já articula apoio à candidatura de Marina Silva" ). August 14, 2009. Globo.com. Retrieved on 2009-08-15.〕 She has obtained international recognition as a defender of the Amazon Rainforest, but is less known in her native Brazil, being unable to obtain more support than the other two major candidates in opinion polls.〔Uol.com, synthesis of late-2010 opinion poll results (), last viewed October 3, 2010〕 Ciro Gomes, former governor of Ceará and Minister for National Integration during Lula's first cabinet, was a possible candidate for the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB). The ruling centre-left group was worried that his bid could take votes from Rousseff,〔 and thus, on April 27, PSB declined to launch his candidacy in order to support her. Gomes, which had appeared on third place in polls from May 2009 to April 2010, was also a presidential candidate in 1998 and 2002, when he had a poor result after making sexist remarks and struggling to control his temper.〔 He was a proponent of restructuring Brazil's debt.〔 Another pre-candidate was Heloísa Helena from the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL).〔 She is a former Senator for Alagoas and founded the Socialism and Liberty Party after she was expelled from the Workers' Party in 2003 for criticizing its move to the centre.〔 She was the only candidate which could potentially abandon current market-friendly economic policies.〔 However, she declined to run for president and try to win back her Senate seat.〔 Faria, Tales. ("PSol aprova resolução para se afastar de Marina Silva" ). ''Último Segundo''. December 8, 2009.〕 On June 30, 2010, Plínio de Arruda Sampaio was nominated by the PSOL's convention. There were speculations that PSOL would form a broad coalition with Silva. As the media printed such news, the United Socialist Workers' Party announced that if this coalition was formed, it would launch the candidacy of its president José Maria de Almeida.〔 Uribe, Gustavo. ("Heloísa Helena costura acordo com o PV para 2010" ). ''O Estado de S. Paulo''. October 20, 2009.〕 However, a resolution approved by members of PSOL determined that the coalition would be formed if PV gave up its alliances with the Lula administration, PSDB, DEM, and neoliberal stances.〔 This resolution would make it very hard for the two parties to ally, since PV is led by José Sarney's son Sarney Filho and Silva herself has said that her candidacy could not be perceived as opposing Lula.〔 Another faction of PV, led by Fernando Gabeira, is explicitly in favor of an alliance with PSDB, which left very few people in the party able to accept the proposal.〔 As ''Rede Brasil Atual'' reported, "the coalition move() more by the desire of Green Party pre-candidate, Marina Silva, and Socialism and Liberty Party President, Heloísa Helena, than by aspirations of both parties".〔 Peres, João. ("Por aliança com PSOL, PV terá de abrir mão de tucanos e democratas" ). ''Rede Brasil Atual''. November 25, 2009.〕 The election also featured five candidates from smaller parties, bringing the number of presidential candidates to a total of nine.〔 ("Saiba quem são os candidatos à Presidência" ). R7. July 1, 2010〕 They are Ivan Pinheiro from the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), José Maria de Almeida from the United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU), Rui Costa Pimenta from the Workers' Cause Party (PCO), José Maria Eymael from the Christian Social Democratic Party (PSDC), and Levy Fidélix from the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB).〔 According to the Supreme Electoral Court's guidelines, they were not able to participate in televised debates, since their parties were not represented in the lower house of the National Congress.〔 Agência Estado. ("Cinco 'nanicos' ficam de fora dos debates na TV" ). ''O Estado de S. Paulo''. August 5, 2010.〕 Rousseff became the sixth Latin American woman elected as a head of state, after Nicaragua's Violeta Chamorro in 1990, Panama's Mireya Moscoso in 1999, Chile's Michelle Bachelet in 2006, Argentina's Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in 2007, and Costa Rica's Laura Chinchilla in 2010.〔("Brazil's Rousseff is Becoming a Stronger Contender" ). Angus Reid Global Monitor. March 31, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brazilian presidential election, 2010」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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